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New resource developed following increased regulatory focus on outsourcing.

Latham & Watkins has partnered with the Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME) and law firms Matheson and BSP to develop: Outsourcing – Guidance on the Legal and Regulatory Framework, a pioneering resource examining the key European legislation, rules, and guidance for financial services firms to consider in relation to outsourcing.

In light of the plethora of legislative change and increasing regulatory focus on outsourcing in financial services, as well as the growing range of sources that need to be taken into account to ensure compliance in this area, the Paper is designed to provide compliance, legal, and risk teams within regulated firms with a single reference point of regulatory requirements. The resource also provides a number of practical tools to help firms effectively map out their processes and procedures for legal compliance.

Partners Nicola Higgs, Fiona Maclean, and Andrew Moyle and associates Anne Mainwaring, Jagveen Tyndall, Oscar Bjartell, Sean Wells, and Sidhartha Lal led a team of more than 25 lawyers from five Latham offices and local law firms Matheson (Ireland) and BSP (Luxembourg) to produce the Paper.

An ECON draft report on digital finance recommends legislative action in relation to cryptoassets and cyber resilience and a framework for digital onboarding.

By Stuart Davis, Sam Maxson, and Anna Lewis-Martinez

On 4 June 2020, the European Parliament’s Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee (ECON) published a draft report setting out its recommendations to the European Commission on digital finance, including emerging risks in cryptoassets and regulatory and supervisory challenges in the area of financial services, institutions, and markets.

The aim of the draft report is to address the main areas that demand a pan-European regulatory response to digital finance. Three priority areas are highlighted for consideration for legislative action: cryptoassets, cyber resilience, and data. These areas are noted as key to the future development of digital finance in the EU.

The report encourages the G20 to consider a broad set of supervisory principles when evaluating global stablecoin arrangements.

By Todd Beauchamp, Stuart Davis, Christian F. McDermott, Yvette D. Valdez, Stephen P. Wink, Simon Hawkins, and Deric Behar

On April 14, 2020, the G20’s Financial Stability Board (FSB) published a consultation on the regulation, supervision, and oversight of privately issued global stablecoins (Addressing the Regulatory, Supervisory and Oversight Challenges Raised by “Global Stablecoin” Arrangements). The consultation includes 10 high-level recommendations that promote a multilateral approach to oversight defined by flexibility, consistency, coordination, and information-sharing between jurisdictions to keep apace of the changing nature of the risks posed by global stablecoins. While acknowledging the potential financial service benefits of global stablecoins, the FSB highlights some of the downstream impacts global stablecoins may have on national economies, across borders, and on the global financial system.

Call for input: market players need to engage with the process for the procurement of the NPA

By Stuart Davis, David Little, Christian McDermott, Brett Carr, and Nathan Wilkins

This Call for Input is part of the development of the Payment Systems Regulator’s (PSR) policy for the future regulation of the newly procured New Payments Architecture (NPA). The PSR is asking for stakeholders’ views about possible competition issues so that it can provide greater clarity about the nature of regulation that might be applied to the NPA. The deadline for input is 24 March 2020.

The NPA will be the payment industry’s new way of organising the clearing and settlement of most of the UK’s domestic interbank payments, including payments that currently use the Bacs and Faster Payments systems.

The PSR plans to set out its regulatory policy in a consultation, and then publish its final policy statement by the end of 2020 (coordinating with Pay.UK’s NPA central infrastructure services (CIS) procurement timetable).

Product innovation (including in pooled investment vehicles) is encouraged, but innovation must be consistent with the law.

By Yvette D. Valdez, Douglas K. Yatter, J. Ashley Weeks, and Deric Behar

The US Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC’s) Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight (DSIO) Director Joshua B. Sterling issued a statement on February 10, 2020, supporting responsible digital asset product innovation, including pooled investment vehicles seeking exposure to digital assets and digital asset derivatives. The statement included an offer to assist innovators with the evaluation of new digital asset products that may not be subject to existing National Futures Association (NFA) disclosure and document review requirements.

Operators of pools that trade futures and options, swaps, or leveraged transactions referencing commodities (including digital assets such as Bitcoin and stablecoins) are required to register as commodity pool operators (CPOs) and must comply with attendant disclosure, record-keeping, and reporting requirements (unless otherwise exempt). Regardless of whether CPOs are exempt from supervisory oversight by the CFTC, they remain subject to the anti-fraud provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act when they market and offer interests in commodity pools to investors, in addition to regulatory and enforcement authority by the US Securities and Exchange Commission.

The final guidelines create new obligations for insurers that will impact cloud outsourcing arrangements.

By Fiona M. Maclean, Andrew C. Moyle, and Victoria Sander

On 6 February 2020, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published its final guidelines on outsourcing to cloud service providers (CSPs) (the Guidelines). The Guidelines have been finalised following public consultation on the draft guidelines launched on 1 July 2019, and closely follow the European Banking Authority’s (EBA’s) final guidelines on outsourcing arrangements, published early last year (the EBA Guidelines). (See What EBA’s Outsourcing Guidelines Mean for Financial Institutions.)

CBDCs will have a profound effect on the financial markets, and policy-makers must thoroughly consider the complex legal and regulatory issues.

By Stuart Davis, Andrew Moyle, and Simon Hawkins

Latham & Watkins lawyers are pleased to have contributed to the World Economic Forum’s CBDC Policy-Maker Toolkit. This resource is designed to provide a high-level decision framework to policymakers who are considering designing and deploying central bank digital currency (CBDC), a new form of digitized sovereign currency. Implementing…

In two recent articles, Latham & Watkins lawyers examine the SEC’s guidance on the application of securities regulations to digital assets and the questions that remain unanswered.

By Stephen P. Wink, Witold Balaban, John J. Sikora, Miles P. Jennings, Emanuel V. Francone, Cameron R. Kates, and Shaun Musuka

Digital Asset Regulation: Howey Evolves

In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive look at the SEC’s evolving guidance that aims to clarify when sales of digital assets (also known as tokens) are securities transactions. The authors discuss the Commission’s early application of the Howey test to digital assets, its pronouncements and enforcement actions, and the response of commentators. They then turn to the SEC’s Framework, issued in 2019, and other current SEC actions. They close by addressing steps the SEC should take to provide market participants with greater clarity on the application of the securities laws to digital assets.

Call for input: Industry needs to engage as the FCA moves forward on its transformative vision for open finance.

By Stuart Davis and Brett Carr

Imagine a world in which you could access your bank accounts, credit cards, mortgage, pensions, savings accounts and ISAs, brokerage account, home and car insurance, life insurance, and other financial products on one user interface or app, even if each of those products is held with a different provider. Then, imagine that the app could provide innovative financial management services across all of those products, such as automated switching to the best products, holistic investment advice and budgeting, and sweeping of excess cash into products yielding a better return than today’s current accounts. This world may be closer than you think, and it will likely have profound impacts for incumbent and new financial services business.

It was a year filled with tantalizing tidbits and many loose ends.

By Stephen P. Wink, Cameron R. Kates, Shaun Musuka, and Deric Behar

2019 marked the 10th year since blockchain technology was released into the wild by its still unknown inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, who mined the first bitcoin block in January 2009. In the intervening decade, blockchain technology has catalysed widespread innovation, some of which has garnered the attention (and consternation) of US regulators. One topic in particular has spawned spirited debate: How should token-based economic activity, especially within the sphere of capital raising and value exchange, be treated under existing US regulatory infrastructure?

While US regulators did not provide any specific answers in 2019, the year was notable for providing the crypto space with additional pieces of the burgeoning regulatory puzzle in the form of agency guidance, enforcement actions, no-action letters, and highly publicized governmental concerns regarding private global stablecoins.