The guidelines set out the MAS’ expectation that digital payment token service providers should not promote their services to the general public in Singapore.

By Simon Hawkins, Farhana Sharmeen, and Tan Gen Huong

On 17 January 2022, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (the MAS) issued new guidelines (the Guidelines) setting out restrictions on the promotion of services related to digital payment tokens (DPTs) in Singapore. The Guidelines apply to banks and financial institutions providing DPT services in Singapore, and entities providing DPT services in Singapore that have either been granted a licence under the Payment Services Act (PSA) or that are currently operating under transitional exemptions under the PSA (collectively, DPT service providers).

NFT creators should craft strategies to avoid minting or auctioning NFTs that use the likeness of an individual without their consent.

By Ghaith Mahmood, Nima H. Mohebbi, and Tara McCortney

As non-fungible tokens (NFTs) increase in popularity, the so-called common law “right of publicity” may create additional legal risks for NFT minters. The common law right of publicity prevents the commercial exploitation of an individual’s identity without that person’s consent.[1] Most U.S. states have defined a right of publicity and, correspondingly, a standard tort for violation of that right — frequently referred to as the tort of appropriation.

While the law is similar across most US jurisdictions, California — the heart of the entertainment industry — has particularly well-developed authority in this area. For this reason, this blog post focuses on California law in describing the unique issues that NFTs may present.

Gary Gensler asserts the SEC’s broad powers over digital assets, and puts consumer protection at the forefront.

By Stephen P. Wink, Adam Zuckerman, and Deric Behar

On August 3, 2021, Gary Gensler, chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), gave a speech on the digital asset industry. The speech offered some indication of what he expects the SEC to focus on in this area but did not provide concrete guidance for industry participants looking for clarity on regulatory uncertainties. He did, however, make clear that he believes “we just don’t have enough investor protection in crypto” and that the SEC will play a more active role in regulating the industry.

A new Executive Order could help open the door for the portability of consumer financial data.

By Charles Weinstein and Deric Behar

Definitive regulation for open banking may be on the horizon in the US. On July 9, 2021, President Biden issued an Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy (the Order), which contains a section on banking and consumer finance that encourages the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to issue rules on consumer financial data portability.

The Order’s request to the CFPB could help foster competition and reduce market concentration among banking institutions by simplifying personal data portability for consumers and making open banking functionality more readily available.

A new Payments Charter could enable entities to engage in payments-related activities on a nationwide basis, rather than by state.

By Alan W. Avery, Todd Beauchamp, Pia Naib, Loyal T. Horsley, and Charles Weinstein

The US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s (OCC) newly appointed Acting Comptroller, Brian P. Brooks, is already advancing the agency’s fintech-focused modernization initiatives and taking steps to fulfill his promise to support technological innovation in the banking industry. On June 25, 2020, while speaking on the American Bankers Association’s podcast, Brooks announced that the OCC will introduce a new Payments Charter 1.0 (Payments Charter) this fall that will serve as a federal alternative to obtaining state money transmitter licenses. That announcement came less than a month after the OCC issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPR) requesting public comment regarding the OCC’s regulations relating to “digital activities” of national banks and federal savings associations (FSAs). The ANPR was issued in an effort to ensure that such regulations continue to evolve with industry developments. Comments in response to the ANPR are due August 3, 2020.

MAS confirms regulatory approach for derivative contracts on payment tokens.

By Farhana Sharmeen and Marc Jia Renn Tan

On 15 May 2020, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (the MAS) issued its response to feedback about its proposed regulatory approach for derivative contracts that reference payment tokens as underlying assets (Payment Token Derivatives), confirming that it will regulate Payment Token Derivatives offered to Singapore investors through approved exchanges. (See MAS’ current list of approved exchanges.) The MAS considers it crucial that it has effective oversight of products offered on approved exchanges due to the systemic importance of such trading facilities and the risk of contagion to the wider financial system.

The report encourages the G20 to consider a broad set of supervisory principles when evaluating global stablecoin arrangements.

By Todd Beauchamp, Stuart Davis, Christian F. McDermott, Yvette D. Valdez, Stephen P. Wink, Simon Hawkins, and Deric Behar

On April 14, 2020, the G20’s Financial Stability Board (FSB) published a consultation on the regulation, supervision, and oversight of privately issued global stablecoins (Addressing the Regulatory, Supervisory and Oversight Challenges Raised by “Global Stablecoin” Arrangements). The consultation includes 10 high-level recommendations that promote a multilateral approach to oversight defined by flexibility, consistency, coordination, and information-sharing between jurisdictions to keep apace of the changing nature of the risks posed by global stablecoins. While acknowledging the potential financial service benefits of global stablecoins, the FSB highlights some of the downstream impacts global stablecoins may have on national economies, across borders, and on the global financial system.

The final guidelines create new obligations for insurers that will impact cloud outsourcing arrangements.

By Fiona M. Maclean, Andrew C. Moyle, and Victoria Sander

On 6 February 2020, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published its final guidelines on outsourcing to cloud service providers (CSPs) (the Guidelines). The Guidelines have been finalised following public consultation on the draft guidelines launched on 1 July 2019, and closely follow the European Banking Authority’s (EBA’s) final guidelines on outsourcing arrangements, published early last year (the EBA Guidelines). (See What EBA’s Outsourcing Guidelines Mean for Financial Institutions.)

Latham derivatives and FinTech partner Yvette Valdez explores regulatory issues impacting cryptocurrency derivatives on the Fintech Beat podcast.

By Yvette D. Valdez

New York partner Yvette Valdez, a member of Latham & Watkins’ FinTech Industry Group, recently discussed timely issues at the intersection of cryptoassets and derivatives law on a new episode of Fintech Beat.

Valdez spoke with host Chris Brummer about a number of regulatory issues impacting cryptocurrency derivatives, including:

  • Whether cryptocurrencies or stablecoins are inherently derivatives
  • The ramifications of being deemed a derivative
  • Cryptocurrency derivatives and tokenized derivatives
  • Considerations for token developers to better navigate the regulatory field
  • The potential pitfalls of the Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT) from a commodities regulatory point of view
  • The Automated Convertible Note, a free-to-use tool developed by Latham & Watkins in collaboration with ConsenSys and OpenLaw, which addresses future token sales in a manner compliant with US securities and commodities regulations

The FinTech sandbox would aim to foster innovation in the financial, credit, and insurance sectors.

By Antonio Coletti and Isabella Porchia

The Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance has launched a public consultation on a draft ministerial decree (Draft Decree) implementing the mandate received by the Italian legislature (Decreto Crescita) to set up a regulatory sandbox to test FinTech activities in the financial, credit, and insurance sectors and establish a FinTech Committee.

FinTech Sandbox

The Draft Decree proposes that activities eligible for the sandbox include regulated or non-regulated activities that (i) use technologies contributing to the innovation of banking, financial, and insurance products and services, (ii) require an exemption from the regulatory provisions or guidelines adopted by the supervisory authorities or a joint testing and assessment from the supervisory authorities, and (iii) bring added value at least in terms of (a) benefits for final users enhancing the quality of the services, competition, access conditions, availability, protection, and costs, (b) general efficiency of the financial system and market participants, or (c) less burdensome and more efficient compliance with the financial regulations.

Before submitting an application to the sandbox, entities may present and discuss informally the project with the FinTech Committee. The proposed testing period for any admitted project has a maximum duration of 18 months, which may be extended upon request of the applicant entity.